Biochar in Concrete: A Review of its Role as a Supplementary Cementitious Material
¹Tanko, A., ²Odeyemi, S.O., ³Atoyebi, O.D. and ⁴Wilson, U.N.
¹Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria.
²Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria.
³Department of Civil Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria.
⁴Department of Civil Engineering, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria

DOI: 10.36108/laujoces/6202.61.0251

Abstract

Biochar, produced from biomass pyrolysis, is gaining attention as a sustainable supplementary cementitious material (SCM). At dosages below 5% cement replacement, biochar enhances concrete properties across key parameters. Mechanical strength improves via nucleation and accelerated hydration, while durability benefits from reduced permeability and ion penetration. Its porous structure acts as an internal curing agent, lowering shrinkage and cracking, and decreases thermal conductivity for better insulation. Biochar also support carbon sequestration, reducing emissions and fostering a circular economy. Performance depends on particle size, feedstock, and pyrolysis conditions, with long-term effects on pH and reinforcement corrosion requiring further study.
Keywords: Concrete mixer, material handling, workability slump, mix design

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