Effect of ternary blended guinea corn husk ash, waste glass powder and cement on concrete compressive Strength
1 Anafi, M.M. and *2 Ige J.A.
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Kwara State University Malete, Kwara State – Nigeria
2Department of Civil Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso – Nigeria
DOI: 10.36108/laujoces/6202.71.0130
Abstract
The growing demand for cement has intensified environmental concerns associated with high energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and the disposal of agricultural and industrial wastes. This study evaluates the potential of Guinea Corn Husk Ash (GCHA) and Waste Glass Powder (WGP) as supplementary cementitious materials in ternary blended concrete. The objective was to assess their suitability as partial cement replacements and optimize the workability and compressive strength of concrete. Ordinary Portland cement, GCHA, WGP, fine aggregates, and coarse aggregates were used in the study. Material characterization was carried out through physical, chemical, and microstructural analyses using ASTM-standard tests, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Concrete mixes containing combined GCHA and WGP replacement levels ranging from 0% to 20% were produced. Workability was evaluated using the slump test, while compressive strength was determined at curing ages of 7, 28, and 56 days. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) implemented in Design-Expert software was employed to optimize the mix proportions. The XRF results revealed silica contents of 86.40% and 92.95% for GCHA and WGP, respectively, satisfying the requirements for Class F pozzolanic materials. Slump values decreased with increasing replacement levels, indicating reduced workability. Although higher replacement levels reduced early-age compressive strength, continuous strength development was observed up to 56 days due to ongoing pozzolanic activity. RSM optimization identified an optimum blend of 10% GCHA and 10% WGP and compressive strength of 32.2 MPa. The findings demonstrate that GCHA and WGP can serve as sustainable partial cement replacements, reducing cement consumption while promoting environmentally friendly concrete production.
Keywords: Guinea Corn Husk Ash (GCHA), Waste Glass Powder (WGP), Supplementary Cementitious Materials, Ternary Blended Concrete, Compressive Strength